What is an EpiPen?
EpiPen is an automatic injector device that delivers a dose of epinephrine (also known as adrenaline). It’s used to treat emergency allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock) quickly. Anaphylactic shock is an immune response to an allergen that causes your body to release chemicals that can trigger symptoms like:
- Swelling of the lips, face, tongue or throat
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- A sudden drop in blood pressure
- Feeling faint, dizzy, or losing consciousness
- Itchy skin
- Red, raised rashes
- Stomach pain, nausea or diarrhea
How does EpiPen work?
When someone goes into anaphylactic shock, the airways narrow (making breathing difficult) and blood vessels open up (suddenly dropping blood pressure). EpiPen injections relax the muscles around your airways, opening them back up, and cause blood vessels to constrict, raising blood pressure.[1] This counteracts the life-threatening symptoms of an emergency allergic reaction until you can get further treatment.
How do EpiPen doses work?
EpiPens come in one dose, a 300 mcg auto-injector device. This makes delivering epinephrine quickly in an emergency situation easier. EpiPens are single use, so if the allergic reaction is severe, a second EpiPen might need to be used 15 minutes after this first one. This means it’s important to carry two pens, just in case you need a second dose.
What is the active ingredient in EpiPen?
EpiPen’s active ingredient in epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. It’s a natural hormone your body produces when experiencing stress or fear. It treats anaphylaxis by opening up your airways, reducing swelling, and raising your blood pressure to neutralize the symptoms of a severe allergic reaction.
Treated trusted source:
- MedlinePlus (2023). Epinephrine injection: MedlinePlus drug information. MedlinePlus.
This page was medically reviewed by
Dr. Joseph Palumbo on September 21, 2026. Next review due on
September 21, 2029.
How we source info.
When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.